Will a set of 235/60-R17 tires fit a vehicle with 225/50-R17 tires currently?

If they do I'm assuming there would be a MPH difference on the speedometer.

Added (1). Update: The 60 series set is from a 2014 Ford Focus and are stud-less winter tires. They are to go on a 2012 Ford Fusion.

The tire will be taller than the current 50 series tire you are using. Can't tell from here if it will hit the fender during a turn or not. And the speedometer will be showing slower.

Depends on the vehicle.

Can always measure or check on a forum for your vehicle.

No possible way for us to tell with zero useful info provided.

YES, If you put them side by side you'll see they're not much different. And your speedo won't be much different, if at all. They are 10mm (3/8 in) wider and 10% higher (1mm). They'll be fine.

Minivan tires typically do not fit on cars - and you shouldn't want them to.