What part is this on my 2004 Ford Taurus?
This metal tube is located right at the bottom of the front of the radiator. It is bent in the middle from an accident and now my car is overheating, could this be the cause? There's not any other problems I can see that I think would be contributing to the overheating. I can't find info on this part anywhere nor a diagram. 
Did you try to 'follow' it to see where is went?
Is that a line for the AC system? Search on AC condenser. I is like the radiator, but smaller. I don't think that would cause the overheating.
As for the overheating. When the vehicle is cool check the coolant level. If appears very low, I: would just fill with water, as long is not below 32 degrees in your area. That way if there's a leak you are not wasting coolant.
Open hood, top off coolant system (use a funnel, do not spill any water), inspect for leaks and damage.
Inspect all all belts. Inspect any sensors attached to the radiator, are they damaged or loose connections.
Start car, let idle, turn heat to high and cabin fan to medium. Feel top radiator hose, if car seems to be heating up, but hose is cool and cabin heat is not up to normal feel, you might have a bad water pump.
Have assistant gently raise RPM to 2000, if hose heats up slightly then you may have some water movement from pump. If no heat then the water pump may be the problem.
If car hose is hot and cabin heat is hot, then wait to see if radiator fan come on. If car starts to get hotter than normal and no fan, then maybe that was damaged.
Let car cool down. DO NOT let car overheat anymore as that will cause worse damage.
If needed drive to close shop or just get it towed.
That is transmission and power steering cooler and I don't think it is bent that bad and should not cause engine to overheat
That's not the reason your motor is over heating. That line is either a transmission cooler line or an AC line running to the condenser.
Take the radiator cap off and run the motor for 15 minutes to see if any air bubbles come out of the radiator neck.
You know you "can't see" a bad thermostat. Have you replaced it yet? That's the first thing to do if there's not an antifreeze leak or air in the cooling system!
Looks like that transmission calling pipe.Follow it back each end! If it is split? We would notice loss of fluid(s) one assumes we have checked fluid levels? E.g.Coolant.
since overheating has arisen after accident it follows we have damaged something affecting engine.Is cooling fan working? Any garage ought to be able to run a diagnostic check and check visually for issues that result in overheatingf do inform them its a result of a collision.
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