How strong, what thicknesses and design does a bumper have to be?

How strong would a bumper have to be to be able to smash through 5 inch concrete filled steel bollards, guardrails, light poles, medium size trees, brick walls etc. I bought a 1991 Ford F-550 for only $600 strictly to crash test it, I already reinforced the frontal area of the frame using 1/2 thick C channel beams and welded and riveted 3/8 plate over the frame itself. The frame is very sturdy now.

The question is, how thick would the bumper have to be to be able to do what I list above and have only minimal damage? I was thinking 5/16 steel with a 1/4 subframe held onto the frame via 8 5/8 bolts.

This is the truck:

Here is a plywood mockup I made before I make the real thing, is the design good? Remember, its gonna be 5/16 steel with a 1/4 subframe. Thicker if needed. The mounts will be 5/8 thick along with 5/8 Grade 10.9 bolts.

Remember, this is strictly for testing purposes only. I'm only seeing how I could design a truck to be able to withstand heavy abuse and still be drivable.

Why don't teenagers like the Crown Vic?

Since I was young, I felled in love with the Ford Crown Victoria Police Interceptor. Damn hearing that full size American sedan thunder down the street made me feel like I'm in a movie. I'm in college and I know that in a few years I will get my own Crown Victoria p71. I'm just wondering and can't understand why teenagers don't like this car. It is like a tank and has ridiculous space. Plus, it is far from having that "grandpa" look that so many people are talking about. If you put some nice tinted windows, an aggressive looking push bumper, some antennas on the trunk and remove the rim covers, the interceptor will look like it came out of Fast and furious. Not to mention the great muscle car sound that the iconic 4.6L V8 engine is providing. Also to add, it is all heavy duty. Heavy duty breaks, heavy duty transmission, heavy duty cooling system and heavy duty suspension. So basically you can rev that baby and make as many burnouts as you want, drift as much as you want and your engine will never burn. Note this, #1 police and taxi car for more than 10 years. This means a lot! Rear wheel drive, so therefore, better handling. Bone stalk, cheap car to buy and easy to repair.

So, after all this, hope you are enjoying your Civic. Why don t teenagers like the Crown Vic - 1

I want a '67 Ford Galaxie as a first car?

I've always been kind of a tomboy, and love old cars. So anyway, would a 4-door still be as cool as a 2-door? I really prefer the 2-door, since the back windows still roll down.

They're really not that expensive either, averaging around $12000. I guess because nobody likes Ford.

Ford F750 with Caterpillar engine has no heat?

Ford F750 with Caterpillar engine has no heat? - 1

Added (1). Took off both heater hose lines and both have coolant flowing out of them. I think this is an issue but what is the cause?

Added (2). Thermostats seem ok. Coolant is full. Engine reaches normal operation temps of 180 range.

Added (3). Heater core is not restricted. The key here is I have hot coolant flowing out of BOTH heater lines going to the heater core. Should only have coolant flowing from one of them.