Ford 2001 F-150 XLT won't start with new battery?

A few days ago I learned my battery was bad so I bought a new one. I installed it and suddenly my truck won't start. I had been able to jump it with the old battery but now it won't even do that. It will crank but will not start. I have checked the inertia switch which was pressed down. I don't have the equipment to check the fuel pump or the pressure in the line. Is there anything else I can check on before I have it towed and pay a bunch of money to a mechanic to look at it?

Big Fords are famous for corroding the INSIDE if the positive ( red wire ) battery cable clamp. Pull the clamp off the battery & scrape both the inside of the clamp & the sides of the battery post with a small knife blade. If that helps, most all car parts stores carry a small wire brush designed just for that job. Plan on doing both of the clamps once a year. Also, around that time, Ford tried some light-weight sheet metal battery cable clamps - They didn't work. If your truck has the sheet-metal clamps, you'll have to have them replaced with the old fashioned lump-of-lead style clamps.

An easy check for the fuel pump is to listen for the "purr" when you first turn the key to the on position. Don't turn it to the start position or you may not hear it. If it "purrs" for a few seconds the stops its not likely to be the cause. If you can hear it, next thing to check would be the fuel filter. To be honest, if the only thing you did was install a new battery there aren't many issues that come to mind except bad electrical connections but since its turning over (cranking) that eliminates the starter circuit.